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If AI continues to develop at its current pace, by 2030 will data centers consume more electricity than hundreds of millions of people in many countries combined, creating a new global energy crisis?
The explosion of artificial intelligence is opening a new era of technology for humanity. However, behind the increasingly intelligent AI models is a less talked about reality: the demand for electricity, cooling water and infrastructure resources is increasing at an unprecedented rate.
According to forecasts by the Institute of Water, Environment and Health of the United Nations University, by 2030 data centers serving AI could consume up to 945 TWh of electricity per year, equivalent to about 3% of total global electricity.
FORECAST TABLE OF AI RESOURCE DEMAND TO 2030
Indicator Forecast scale
Electricity consumption is 945 TWh/year
Share of global electricity about 3%
Cooling water 9.3 trillion liters
Global AI Cloud capacity is 90% concentrated in the US and China
Number of countries that own AI Cloud infrastructure: 32 countries gia
The required infrastructure area is nearly 10 times the area of Mexico City
It is worth noting that this amount of electricity is nearly three times the total annual electricity consumption of Pakistan, Bangladesh and Nigeria combined, countries with a total population of more than 650 million people.
THE MORE EFFICIENT AI IS, THE MORE ELECTRICITY INCREASES
Experts warn about “Jevons Paradox,” a famous economic phenomenon that appeared in the 19th century coal industry.
The principle is very simple.
As technology becomes more efficient and costs fall, demand increases more than the savings achieved.
This means that even though AI chips are increasingly energy efficient, total global electricity demand may continue to increase as the number of AI users and applications increases exponentially.
AI GROWTH SPIRAL
Impact Phase
More powerful AI chip Reduces processing costs
AI is cheaper Many businesses use it
Users increase Computational volume increases
Data center expansion Electricity consumption increases
New electricity demand Continue to invest in infrastructure
⚡ 5 REASONS WHY PEOPLE CONSUME HUGE ELECTRICITY
1. Huge computing power
Models like GPT or Gemini must handle trillions of parameters, requiring tens of thousands of GPUs to operate continuously.
2. Specialized AI hardware
GPU, TPUand FPGAs have superior performance but consume much higher power than traditional CPUs.
3. Cooling system
The heat from the AI server is so huge that the cooling system can account for up to 40% of the data center's total electricity.
4. Data storage and transmission
AI must continuously access huge volumes of data at Petabyte scale.
5. Continuous operation 24/7
Unlike many traditional IT systems, AI infrastructure has almost no downtime.
TYPICAL CASE IN IRELAND
Value Indicator
Electricity consumed by Data Center in 2023 is 21% of total national electricity
Compared to urban households Higher than all urban households combined
Policy response Pause on new licensing around Dublin until 2028
WHO IS CREATING THE RICH AND POVERTY GAP IN TECHNOLOGY?
The report shows that only 32 countries possess cloud computing infrastructure dedicated to AI.
Of which about 90% of capacity is concentrated in the US and China.
This raises concerns that developing countries will become consumers of technology rather than creators of technology, while remaining exposed to environmental pressures from mining, e-waste and rising energy demand.
SOLUTION IS BEING IMPLEMENTED
Solution Sectionpepper
New generation GPU Reduce power per calculation
Solar power and wind power Provide clean power sources
AI energy management Optimize cooling and operation
Liquid cooling Increases heat dissipation performance
Quantum computing Reduces future processing needs
AI IS NOT JUST A TECHNOLOGY STORY
For many years, the world has often looked at AI as a race about algorithms and data. But the real competition is gradually shifting to energy, clean water and electrical infrastructure.
Any country with a stable, low-cost power source, modern grid system and large-scale renewable energy will have a huge advantage in the global AI race.
Vietnam is no exception to this trend. As more and more AI data centers appear, electricity, energy storage and digital infrastructure development will become an important part of the national growth strategy.
In your opinion, should Vietnam prioritize investing heavily in nuclear power, LNG and renewable energy right now to catch the AI wave?
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